Annotated bibliography rules
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Business & Society - Social Performance Assignment
Business and Society - Social Performance - Assignment Example For this situation the accompanying organizations will be inspected: Snapple, which conveys and fabricates natural product juices and teas; Nestle, whose auxiliary, Perrier, is a brand of mineral water; and Dole, who makes and disperses different organic product juices. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines explicitly express that associations are to follow and execute a program that tends to consistence with morals programs (Federal Sentencing Guidelines à §8B2.1). In particular, this segment is worried about guaranteeing that all associations not just have a viable moral Code of Conduct, which explicitly addresses that associations must use due tirelessness to forestall and identify criminal direct and advance a powerful authoritative culture that empowers moral lead and law consistence, however that these associations are successful with guaranteeing that workers know about the hierarchical Code and tail it. This paper will clarify who Pured won't just actualize a compelling system h owever that its representatives know about the Code of Conduct and will tail it. Presentation Puredâ ® is a refreshment organization which makes and circulates packaged mineral water and bundled natural product squeeze as items. It is a medium-sized open constrained organization propelled in 2009, with 68% open proprietorship and 32% private capital of its all out worth. ... For this situation the accompanying organizations will be analyzed: Snapple, which disperses and produces natural product juices and teas; Nestle, whose auxiliary, Perrier, is a brand of mineral water; and Dole, who makes and disseminates different organic product juices. Snapple Dr. Pepper and Snapple are a piece of the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., and their Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is accessible at investor.drpeppersnapple.com. They have explicit principles with respect to irreconcilable situations, political commitments, private data, respectability and reasonable managing, work of family, and robbery or abuse of benefits. Since Dr. Pepper and Snapple is a huge association, the Guidelines Manual expresses that they will give increasingly formal activities and more prominent assets in meeting the rule necessities (Federal Sentencing Guidelines). The rules likewise express that the organization must set up norms and methods to forestall and identify criminal lead; that the organization must not intentionally employ someone who has occupied with criminal operations or has recently broken consistence with morals programs; that the organization will convey the morals approaches occasionally; that the morals program will be upheld reliably; and that if there is criminal direct, the association will make move to fittingly react (Federal Sentencing Guidelines). On account of Dr. Pepper/Snapple, there is next to no in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics page that would propose that they are acclimating with the Federal Guidelines. They don't address criminal lead, but to state that the representatives of the firm should observe all laws, rules and guidelines. They don't plot what steps they will take if there is a
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Issues in Art Therapy with Children Essay
Craftsmanship treatment is the restorative utilization of making workmanship inside an expert relationship, and the procedure engaged with making craftsmanship is recuperating and life-upgrading. In the mid 1980s, the American Art Therapy Association (Levick, 1983, as refered to in Newcomer, 1993) viewed craftsmanship treatment as an open door for nonverbal articulation and correspondence with the conviction that the innovative procedure of workmanship is a methods for accommodating enthusiastic clashes and of encouraging mindfulness. The affiliation later extended their definition to peruse: ââ¬Å"Art Therapy is a human assistance calling that uses workmanship media, pictures, the imaginative craftsmanship procedure and patient/customer reactions to the made items as impressions of an individualââ¬â¢s improvement, capacities, character, interests, concerns and clashes. Craftsmanship encounters can give an option in contrast to verbal types of evaluation and treatmentâ⬠(American Art Therapy Association Newsletter, 1998). Kaplan (2000) checked on the discoveries of different neuroscientists who noticed that realistic portrayal is an unpredictable action, including territories of the mind related with language. For instance, Restak (1994) revealed that more cerebrum neurons are given to vision than different faculties. Kaplan recommends that studio workmanship can encourage critical thinking capacities, animate joy and confidence, and give chances to effective working in kids and grown-ups with psychological debilitations. Malchiodi (2003) refers to concentrates by researchers who found that drawing includes complex associations between numerous pieces of the mind, and notes that science will be fundamental to seeing how workmanship treatment functions and why it is an incredible helpful methodology. Riley (2003) saw that offering chances to make workmanship to discouraged young people as a methods for correspondence that can be delighted in and controlled gives a focal point to review their discernments through their own pictures, just as a vehicle for treatment and an approach to address obstruction. Also, she finds drawingless fierce, less recognizable, and less critical than talk, and that immature discouragement is frequently veiled. Adolescents may likewise be furious or forceful, instead of the weariness normal for discouraged grown-ups, and workmanship making can serve to diminish excruciating self-expostulation. Wadeson (1980) noticed that drawings by patients encountering melancholy demonstrated less shading, less effect, and less exertion than the drawings of nondepressed people. What's more, they indicated increasingly void space and progressively burdensome effect, for example, drawing about hurting others. Silver and Ellison (1995) depicted the conduct and history of a 16-year-old who had been captured and detained for wounding another adolescent with a pencil. His history incorporated an unstable temper and it was expected that he may hurt others. His dad had vanished and his mom had been executed in a group related occurrence. During his stay in the office, he was set on self destruction watch, and afterward was restrained for furious carrying on. Three weeks after his discharge, he ended it all. Focal points of Art Therapy versus Customary Verbal Therapy for Children Many examinations performed by advisor scientists have been decided to concentrate on craftsmanship treatment specifically as a result of the expressive expressions advantage of permitting youngsters a nonverbal outlet for their sentiments. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that craftsmanship treatment is a generally new methodology, there is a negligible measure of research that has been directed to help its adequacy or value. In this manner, generally there has been less acknowledgment of it as a practical treatment choice. Because of this conviction, it is critical to bring up the numerous favorable circumstances of leading craftsmanship treatment to treat a wide range of psychological sicknesses, from extreme issue, for example, schizophrenia to gentle conduct issue. There are numerous remedial favorable circumstances to this specific kind of treatment. Pre-youthful kids frequently experience issues communicating their contemplations and sentiments verbally. Childrenââ¬â¢s etymological and intellectual abilities are not completely evolved, which restricts their verbal articulation. Since craftsmanship treatment includes nonverbal correspondence, it is helpful with this age populace whose formative confinements forestall the degree of cooperation regularly required in verbal treatment (Newcomer, 1993). Rather than words, the picture made by the youngster is the emblematic portrayal of an inclination, occasion, wish, and so on. This type of preverbal articulation and preverbal thinking doesn't require interpretation since it is portrayed in picture structure. For kids who can't make the interpretation, workmanship is utilized as a vehicle for articulation instead of words (Newcomer, 1993). Another favorable position of workmanship treatment is that the picture delivered can fill in as an impetus for verbal articulation. This picture at that point furnishes the youngster with structure and an establishment trying to clarify or portray the creation (Newcomer, 1993). Numerous kids experience the ill effects of low confidence and low self-assurance. At the point when a youngster partakes in workmanship treatment exercises and can ace the materials and activities, it gives a chance to the kid to build confidence and self-assurance. A considerable lot of the members in the current investigation experience the ill effects of a poor mental self portrait and low confidence and certainty. Kids, especially in rough neighborhoods, regularly feel an absence of power over the eccentric and precarious condition where they are living. In this manner, it is critical to pick up dominance of an assignment, which helps fabricate a sentiment of control. Craftsmanship undertakings can serve to do this. Craftsmanship treatment is beneficial to customary talk treatment in that it assists with giving a socially worthy chance to articulation and is moderately nonthreatening, while verbal treatment can convey a disgrace. Numerous people, the two youngsters and grown-ups, experience the ill effects of the disgrace of being getting help. Lessening or wiping out this negative shame can serve to improve the treatment (Newcomer, 1993). Craftsmanship treatment gives a gathering where youngsters can openly communicate feeling while examining their fine art unafraid of disregarding social standards. Another advantage of craftsmanship treatment is the social part that can be worked into the meeting if giving gathering workmanship treatment. By chipping away at bunch activities and sharing materials, it creates relational connections and encourages collaboration (Newcomer, 1993). At the Lake Schoolââ¬â¢s Insight Through Art Program, all kids in the gatherings share materials and now and again take part in bunch ventures. Another preferred position of workmanship treatment that has been noted is the diminishing in vitality level that happens during the innovative procedure (Newcomer, 1993). People in workmanship treatment are as yet animated as in talk treatment, yet in an alternate way that gives more noteworthy unwinding. A large number of the youngsters at the Lake School are hyperactive, restless, and excessively energized. Taking a shot at a craftsmanship venture gives structure, regulation, and breaking point setting that assists with quieting youngsters down. Craftsmanship can likewise have the converse impact on discouraged, withdrawn youngsters. Craftsmanship and workmanship making can help animate these people and increment interest in treatment and lessening hindrance. A drawback of verbal treatment is that when working verbally, people can stop and channel considerations and sentiments (Wadeson, 1980). It is simpler to control and manageable your words then your craft. This altering can hinder the helpful procedure. Harriet Wadeson records generalization as another bit of leeway. This term depends on the reason that craftsmanship articulation can shape a scaffold. Typification is the thought that ââ¬Å"feelings or thoughts are from the start externalized in an item (picture or figure). The craftsmanship object permits the individual, while isolating from the emotions, to perceive their existenceâ⬠(Wadeson, 1980, p. 10). Ideally, the individual would then be able to go to claim their emotions and coordinate them into oneself. When in craftsmanship treatment, the individual is left with a substantial article that can be taken with the person in question after the treatment has finished (Wadeson, 1980). In verbal treatment, there are no unmistakable items. The object(s) is representative of the work done in treatment and can likewise fill in as a token of abilities learned. The individual at that point has a token of work done, which is particularly useful for kids. The image or figure isn't dependent upon bends of memory. An extra favorable position of having an unmistakable item is that it is simpler to review and notice developing examples. A specialist and the customer can infer a feeling of continuous improvement that happens in the remedial procedure. The workmanship object gives documentation that is an immediate explanation by the patient, not separated by the specialist (Wadeson, 1980). A last noted preferred position is that craftsmanship takes advantage of essential procedure thinking and permits the youngster to process the occasion without the restriction or hindrances of auxiliary procedure thinking. Writing Review of Art Therapy Research Art treatment programs, in contrast to conventional doctoral projects in brain science, have not stressed observational research. Understudies contemplating craftsmanship treatment enter the field since they will in general be more intrigued by the clinical work as opposed to in directing exploration. Numerous projects, however this started changing during the 1980s, don't offer the essential courses in investigate structure. Given this center, the field of craftsmanship treatment comes up short on the examination considers that use quantifiable information. Along these lines, a great part of the exploration with respect to the viability of workmanship treatment has been contextual analyses. Numerous productive authors in the field have expounded on the absence of workmanship treatment look into (McNiff, 1998a, Rosal, 1998; Malchiodi, 1995). ââ¬Å"As a moderately new control we still can't seem to ââ¬Ëadvanceââ¬â¢ to the phase where proficient scientists separate the procedure of examination from the ââ¬Ëthe practice of the craftâ⬠(McNiff, 1998a, p. 86). Numerous craftsmanship specialists battle with the more generally satisfactory research techniques. Innovative research strategies appear to loan
Monday, August 10, 2020
Riot Recommendation Novels About Hollywood
Riot Recommendation Novels About Hollywood This round of the Riot Recommendation is sponsored by Actors Anonymous by James Franco. The actors in James Francos brilliant debut novel include a McDonalds drive-thru operator who spends his shift trying on accents; an ex-child star recalling a massive beachside bacchanal; hospital volunteers and Midwestern transplants; a vampire flick starlet who discovers a cryptic book written by a famous actor gone AWOL; and the ghost of River Phoenix. Then theres Franco himself, who prowls backstage, peering out between the lines-before taking the stage with fascinating meditations on his art, along with nightmarish tales of excess. Hollywood has always been a private club, he writes. I open the gates. I say welcome. I say, Look inside. Told in a dizzying array of styles-from lyric essays and disarming testimonials to hilariously rambling text messages and ghostly footnotes-and loosely modeled on Alcoholics Anonymouss Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions, Actors Anonymous is an intense, wild ride into the dark heart of celebrity. _________________________ Readers have been fascinated by celebrity since long before TMZ was a glimmer in Harvey Levins eye. Hollywoodthe glamor, the scandals, the scads of beautiful peoplecaptures the imagination and just begs to be the backdrop for all kinds of stories. In this Riot Rec, we want to know: what are your favorite novels about Hollywood and celebrity? _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Strength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments ...
Strength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments Motivation In my paper regarding Strength Finder 2.0 assessment (Rath) I came to understand how valuable various assessments are in the development of my leadership abilities. About a year ago I took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment (The Myers Briggs Foundation); I was identified as an ENTJ and ENFJ (split personality). I recently took another assessment dealing with my behavioral style (Style Analysis). The strength finder 2.0 defined my top five leadership strengths; the Myer- Briggs defined my personality; and this new assessment defined my style behavior. These assessments are very valuable in knowing who I am as a leader. But leadership is about getting othersâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The title of his presentation was Coaching Diverse Styles (Begley). The assessment defines your behavioral style in one of four categories; compliance, dominance, influence and steadiness. The focus of the presentation was in using the assessment to not just understand your ââ¬Ëbehaviora l styleââ¬â¢ but to understand the behavioral style of others. The ability to lead requires us to motivate others. Understanding these assessments provides us with a vehicles and means to motivate and lead. Different approaches work for different people, due to culture, educational, skills, behavioral style and other attributes. We must understand what motivate others. Phil recommends that if one must address someone in a difficult situation, such as a performance management situation, to think of one good quality or something that you appreciate about that person. If you canââ¬â¢t, get them off the bus. Jim Collins wrote in his book, Good to Great, (Collins) that a level 5-leader will credited his employees for the success of the organization. Collins also expressed that if you have the right people on the bus, you donââ¬â¢t have to worry about motivation. Assessments are tools to assist identifying the right person to get on the bus and as important, getting them into the right seat. Or as Phil stated, get them off the bus. Phil also stated that when one recognizes anotherââ¬â¢s style and approaches them accordingly, we are honoring that person. Like if someone goes to France and speaksShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development Plan For An Organization1400 Words à |à 6 Pagesassess his or her skills, strengths, weaknesses, and necessary resources needed to assist them reaching their career goals. The dynamic element of this plan is to empower each person with a strategy on how to become a successful person along with retaining his or her position for an extended period. DISC Assessment In week one of the organizational leadership conference all of the members of ââ¬Å"Learning Team Bâ⬠was tasked to take the DISC Platinum Rule behavioral style assessment. The evaluation was designatedRead MoreWhat I Learned About Myself By Prentice Hall Self- Assessment1675 Words à |à 7 PagesProject 1 employee personalities have a dynamic effect on an organizationââ¬â¢s culture, thus supporting the idea that organizational culture has a significant impact on employee performance. In todayââ¬â¢s business world more and more organizations are seeking ways to incorporate self-appraisal and personality assessments into their hiring decisions. Robbins and Judgeââ¬â¢s chapter on personality and values highlights how tools such as the Myers-Briggs type indicator and the Big Five Personality Model are helpingRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behavioral Analysis1532 Words à |à 7 PagesRepublican answer or the Democratic answer but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the pastââ¬âlet us accept our own responsibility for the futureâ⬠-John F. Kennedy, 35th US President. This paper describes about the Leadership styles and Behavioral analysis of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to hold that office. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to JosephRead MorePersonality Profile Reflection Paper1743 Words à |à 7 PagesOrganizational behavior studies human behavior and the impact individual attitudes and actions have on performance in the workplace. To provide a personal perspective of personality characteristics, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) assessment was used to measure aspects of my personality and how these traits relate to working with others and life within an organization. Key observations provide specific insight into how these are applied to workplace behavior and interactions withRead MorePersonal Self Reflection Paper1734 Words à |à 7 PagesOrganizational behavior studies human behavior in organizational settings and the influence and impact individual behavior has on the workplace. To provide a personal perspective of personality characteristics, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) assessment was used to measure aspects of my personality and how these traits relate to workin g with others and life within an organization. Key observations provide specific insight into how these are applied to workplace behavior and interactionsRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behavioral Analysis1687 Words à |à 7 PagesRepublican answer or the Democratic answer but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the pastââ¬âlet us accept our own responsibility for the futureâ⬠-John F. Kennedy, 35th US President. This paper describes about the Leadership styles and Behavioral analysis of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to hold that office. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P.Read MoreSelf-Awareness Can Be Beneficial To The Structure Of An1742 Words à |à 7 Pagesof an individualââ¬â¢s personal growth, their relationship with others, and a fulfilling career within an organization. The multiple self-assessments located on the McGraw-Hill Connect website provides a series of questions related to numerous topics throughout the textbook that will permit me to know more about myself. This report will identify unique personality tools that will measure the extent of my character to aid in self-growth and possibly expand my career performance within my organizationRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti ) Are Both Personality Assessments Essay1096 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Birkman Method and The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are both personality assessments. The Birkman Method is based on the theories of Dr. Roger W. Birkman and the work of Dr. Roy B. Mefferd, Jr. and Dr. Timothy G. Sadler. The MBTI is based on the theories of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung and the work of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Both are non-clinical assessments. The working manuals for both assessments have recognized and documented, content, construct, criterion-related validitiesRead MoreMotivation Plan For An Organization Essay1322 Words à |à 6 PagesSantosh Katwal LDR/531 Sep 18, 2016 Dr. Lolita Mancheno-Smoak Motivation Plan Organizations today are comprised of a diverse selection of people. Each person that works for an organization has different attitudes, values, emotions, and behaviors. In order for the business to remain strong and cohesive, it is important for managers/leaders to recognize those differences for the benefit overall. By doing so, they can motivate each employee and encourage them to be productive citizensRead MoreLeaders Based On Leading Individuals1307 Words à |à 6 PagesLeadership Style Some researchers address leaders based on leading individuals, some according to leading a team, while others focus only on specific leadership theories practiced in an organizational environment (Yukl, 2012). Leadership processes and practices have an impact (positively or negatively) on the work habits and performance of individuals, teams, and an organization as a whole. According to Mà ¦trà ®x (n.d.a), an individualââ¬â¢s ability to effectively lead can be grouped into three major categories;
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
A Critique of Thomas B. Stoddardââ¬â¢s Gay Marriages Make...
Thomas B. Stoddardââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Gay Marriages: Make Them Legalâ⬠is a successfully written argument with some minor flaws in technique. Stoddard uses this article to present his major claim, or central thesis, on the reasons gay marriage should be legalized. He presents his argument using minor claims. In a lecture on February 2, 2005, James McFadden stated a minor claim is the secondary claim in an argument. Stoddard uses minor claims in his discussion of homosexual people being denied their rights by the government and by others who discriminate against them. He also discusses how love and the desire for commitment play a big part in the argument for and against gay marriage. Stoddard begins his argument successfully with pathos, orâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He is trying to make the reader aware of the privileges and rights denied to homosexual couples. He is hoping his reader will listen when money talks. Stoddard uses another great method of supporting a minor claim by using an authoritative testimony. Stoddard includes a quotation from the Supreme Court, an authority, to make the grounds for his minor claim stronger (Barnet Bedau, 2005, p. 84). With this support he argues the government should not control gay marriage by giving an example of a court case ruled in favor of interracial marriages. The Supreme Court ruled in this 1967 case that the laws prohibiting interracial marriage were simply being used ââ¬Å"to maintain white supremacyâ⬠(Stoddard, 1988, p. 552). Through this judgment from an authority, Stoddard is trying to appeal to our need for the law to require equal treatment among all. He wants us to realize that people opposi ng gay marriage are letting their prejudices get in the way of the law and rights of others. Stoddard then moves onto his next claim that ââ¬Å"marriage creates families and promotes social stabilityâ⬠(Stoddard, 1988, p.552). He successfully builds on this claim by explaining that anyone who has the strong desire to commit in a relationship should be supported because the world is lacking people of this sort (Stoddard, 1988, p. 552). Stoddard uses warrants in support of this minor claim.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Benefits of studying abroad Free Essays
Studying abroad is one of the best experiences a student can have in the course of learning. Students who go through such an experience have been at advantaged position as they have been able to sample a different culture from their own. Studying abroad involves going beyond the border mostly to a foreign country. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of studying abroad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students moves to a new environment which might be totally different from what he or she is used to. At times the students may be introduced a new system. The reasons as to why people go to study abroad are as varied as the number of students who go through such an exciting experience. (Cressy, W 2004) Studying abroad usually prepares the students to work and live in a multicultural setting where they interact and learn about the other cultures. It encourages students to have academic discipline as they learn to reason in a totally or slightly different system. Through such an experience students are taught to be independent where they get to do things on their own sometimes in environment which encourage tolerance and accommodation. Through such an exposure the students learn to respect other peopleââ¬â¢s ways of life despite the differences. This enhances their prospects for the future jobs especially those which are international in nature. (Cressy, W 2004) Studying in a foreign country affords the students many rare chances, these includes learning a new language and an opportunity to experience different cultures, history and environment. It accords the students an opportunity to witness some of the things learnt in text books firsthand. In the modern world employers are seeking skills which have been polished through overseas engagement. A student who has studied in a foreign country will be in a better position to secure employment as he or she will be bringing a new experience to an organization. Studying abroad is a very special opportunity which helps the students to develop certain skills, adaptability and confidence. It is an adventure that moulds the students into individual who can fit in different cultures around the world. Reference Cressy, W (2004) A guide to Studying Abroad, Princeton Review How to cite Benefits of studying abroad, Papers
Saturday, May 2, 2020
Bracero Movement free essay sample
The United States always has a way of blaming Chicano people for the rising unemployment rates, when in reality the United States is the one who wanted Chicano people to work. After World War II the United States needed more manual labor which then provoked the emergence of countless Mexicans into the U. S.. They were known as Braceros, which were Mexican laborers that were allowed into the United States for a limited period of time as a seasonal agricultural worker. The Bracero movement was well related to the California Gold Rush because numerous Mexicans headed North across the American border because they thought they would gain mass fortunes in the United States. Even though the Bracero Movement caused countless problems, it also led to many successful human rights acts. Also known as the ââ¬Å"Foundation for development of North American Agricultureâ⬠, the Bracero Movement was set up to be a temporary event. We will write a custom essay sample on Bracero Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On August 4th, 1942 the United States and Mexican government instituted the Bracero Program. This program was supposed to end in 1947, but ended up lasting until 1964. Mexicans who came over for agricultural work were given contracts in English and the Braceros would sign them without understanding their full rights and conditions of their temporary employment. When these contracts expired, the Braceros were required to turn in their permits and immediately return to Mexico. The contracts were created and controlled by independent Steinaker/Miller 2 farmers associated with the ââ¬Å"Farm Bureauâ⬠which at that time had complete control of the agriculture industry. The Farm Bureau had set up a recruitment site that became a major gathering point for their labor force in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua that was directly across from El Paseo, Texas. Most of the Braceros although were known to have came from agricultural lands in Mexico such as ââ¬Å"la Conaraca Laguneraâ⬠, Coahuila, and numerous other regions. When coming to the United States, Braceros had little knowledge of what would be expected from them other than agricultural labor. Mexican activists and Mexican Americans were forced to reevaluate their identities, their relationship with the Braceros, and the positions they held due to endless threats. The Braceros suffered from harassment and oppression from extremist groups and racist authorities. During this time over 4. 3 million Mexicans had crossed the border for agricultural labor from the period of 1942 to 1964. The issue with this was that some of the Braceros would ââ¬Å"quitâ⬠and leave the fields to head into major U. S. cities for better jobs. The Catholic Church as well began to disapprove of this movement saying that it was breaking family bonds and exposing Mexicans to protestant churches, gambling, prostitution and drinking. There were many downfalls to the Bracero movement, but the United States knew they needed workers. Since the United States began to become reliant on Mexican workers, they needed more tactics to lure in more workers. The Bracero program mandated a certain level of wages, housing, food and medical care for the workers. At one point, the farm owners began to hire illegal immigrants that didnââ¬â¢t have papers or contracts to work under. The advantages of hiring illegal immigrants were that they were willing to work for lower wages, without support, health coverage or in many cases legal means to address abuses by Steinaker/Miller 3 the employers for fear of deportation. Working illegally in the United States intrigued many Mexicans since there was no need to sign a contract. This act eventually led to the discontinuation of the Bracero program. In the beginning of the Bracero movement, when most Chicanos worked on farms, Texas farmers did not want any government interference and ââ¬Å"controlling the ââ¬Ëfree marketââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Acuna, 253). One of the major reasons they wanted the border open was due to the eventual increase in wages they would have to pay if the government started to regulate workers. Eventually the border was open, but Texas was excluded at first because of racial discriminations and tensions between whites and Mexicans. Although the Texas farmers needed Mexicans to work on their farms, they were not willing to increase wages or even treat them as their equals. Governor Stevenson enacted the Good Neighbor Commission of Texas in order to end discrimination, but creating a law can only go so far. After more Braceros started working on railroads in the Midwest and Northwest, the health circumstances and ownerââ¬â¢s willingness to follow contracts declined significantly. As a result, the Mexican government refused to sign Bracero contracts after the war because racial discrimination was still heavily prevalent in Texas and the Braceroââ¬â¢s overall conditions had not improved. Soon the Braceros realized they were mistreated and wanted to reform the program, but this only caused tension between the U. S. and Mexico. They wanted Texas farmers to pay $3 per cwt instead of $2 for picked cotton; part of this was because Mexican border towns were suffering immensely from high unemployment rates while the citizens in the interior of Mexico were neglected. After El Paso farmers complained to President Truman about the shortage of workers and problems with the Mexican border, things took Steinaker/Miller 4 a rapid turn. In 1954, against U.S. -Mexico agreement, the border became unilaterally open to legal and illegal workers. The U. S. government didnââ¬â¢t give Mexico a choice; the U. S. now controlled the Bracero program and some officials wanted to have the border permanently open. When the Bracero movement declined within the next decade, from Americaââ¬â¢s point of view, there was resentment towards the Mexican government. There was also a change in the labor force and how labor was handled from the U. S. perspective. For the Braceros and the Mexican government, it was a completely different story. The Braceros suffered tremendously from the difficult working conditions, the pathetic wages, racial discrimination, and broken contracts. The Mexican government received complete humiliation and a loss of labor from their country, while managing to still have extremely high unemployment rates at the border. To employers in America, braceros were only seen as cheap workers who were easily replaceable and who they could manipulate because they clearly had very little occupancy options. Although there were many negative outcomes from the Bracero program, there were positive outcomes as well. The Bracero program enabled Chicanos and Chicanas to establish themselves in other areas of America besides the Southwest. Also, the Bracero movement led to the rise of the United Farm Workers Association and transformation of the U. S. migrant labor under the leadership of Cesar Chavez. Another positivie outcome of this program was that it laid the foundation for the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994. Even though thousands of Mexicans were exploited and abused by farm owners, they helped to revolutionize the Agricultural system by pointing our major flaws and strong points of it. Steinaker/Miller 5 The Bracero program led to expoloitation of an endless amount of Mexicans, but it also gave a large amount of them a huge opportunity. Braceros were able to settle down in the United States and able to set a foundation for the rest of the Chicano culture that would later come to America. In the end, Mexican laborers were able to gain their full rights and created awareness of the hardships and exploitation that many workers still face today.
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